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Despite the increased risk for infections and the widespread
2022-10-10

Despite the increased risk for infections and the widespread availability of vaccines, reported vaccine coverage rates among HIV-infected adult patients are low [17], [18], [19], [20], [21]. Data from two studies in the United States suggested that influenza vaccination coverage among HIV-infected p
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The site of metastasis in
2022-10-10

The site of metastasis in breast cancer often contributes to the patient’s OS. Patients with bone metastasis from their breast cancer often have a notably increased survival over patients with visceral or LEE011 mg metastasis. In this analysis, ER+/HER2+ patients were noted to have a higher rate of
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Our findings demonstrated that the expression level of
2022-10-10

Our findings demonstrated that the expression level of full-length α1 sGC protein was higher in the malignant and benign breast tumors than that of normal tissues. Similarly, an increase in the expression of α1 sGC subunit has been detected in glioma cell lines [34]. Higher expressions of sGCα1 and
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Two distinct mechanisms have been described
2022-10-10

Two distinct mechanisms have been described for niacin’s macrophage-based actions [21,22]. First, niacin blocks recruitment of macrophages to atherosclerotic lesions. Second, niacin upregulates macrophage ABCA1 and ABCG1, transporters involved in reverse cholesterol transport. Upregulation of choles
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In this study we find that DH
2022-10-10

In this study, we find that DH-CBD induces analgesic effects on inflammatory but not acute pain and the NB-598 level of spinal α1 GlyRs increased after CFA paw injection. These results suggest that GlyR α1 is only involved in chronic pain. A possible explanation is that once the expression of α1 Gly
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br Discussion Our results indicate
2022-10-09

Discussion Our results indicate that marked changes in the relative distribution of AMPA receptors in microsomal and synaptic fractions occur during the postnatal period, and that these changes are correlated with changes in different populations of AMPA binding sites. At early postnatal ages (PN
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The HH Gli pathway has been demonstrated
2022-10-09

The HH-Gli pathway has been demonstrated to play an extensive role in skeletal development. India Hedgehog, derived from hypertrophic chondrocytes, and Parathyroid Hormone-like related Protein (PTHrP), derived from peri-articular chondrocytes, form a negative feedback loop to inhibit chondrocyte hyp
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Galanin mediates its activity by
2022-10-09

Galanin mediates its activity by binding to three G-protein coupled receptor subtypes (designated GAL1-GAL3). Since GAL3 mRNA is found mainly in regions of the mesolimbic dopamine system, such as the ventral tegmental area, dorsal raphe nucleus, LC, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, NAc
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Receptor tyrosine kinases RTKs consist
2022-10-08

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) consist of 20 subfamilies in humans, all of which share a common structure consisting of extracellular ligand-binding region, a single-pass transmembrane domain and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain [2]. Binding of a growth factor to the ligand-binding domain r
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The ETA receptor has a higher affinity for endothelin than
2022-10-08

The ETA receptor has a higher affinity for endothelin-1 than the two other agonists, with an affinity order of endothelin-1>endothelin-2>endothelin-3, while the ETB receptor exhibits similar affinities for all three isopeptides (Arai et al., 1990b, Sakurai et al., 1990). Earlier studies of the selec
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br Introduction Adenosine triphosphate ATP is an organic mol
2022-10-05

Introduction Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) is an organic molecule (nucleoside triphosphate) which consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphoric AS 101 residues. ATP serves as a temporary carrier of energy in all living cells, so it is a common substance in any organism. In the cells, new AT
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br Introduction Adenosine triphosphate ATP is an organic mol
2022-10-05

Introduction Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) is an organic molecule (nucleoside triphosphate) which consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphoric AS 101 residues. ATP serves as a temporary carrier of energy in all living cells, so it is a common substance in any organism. In the cells, new AT
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br Introduction Adenosine triphosphate ATP is an organic mol
2022-10-05

Introduction Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) is an organic molecule (nucleoside triphosphate) which consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphoric AS 101 residues. ATP serves as a temporary carrier of energy in all living cells, so it is a common substance in any organism. In the cells, new AT
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IL had marked effects on the inflammatory response in human
2022-10-04

IL-33 had marked effects on the inflammatory response in human adipocytes beyond GPR84, with a substantial stimulation of the expression of a selected group of cytokine and chemokine genes. Expression of IL1B, a co-member of the IL-1 superfamily, was strongly up-regulated by IL-33, as was IL6 and CX
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Using embelin and its analogs as surrogate GPR agonists we
2022-10-04

Using embelin and its analogs as surrogate GPR84 agonists we discovered that GPR84 couples to G12 and G13 signaling pathways in addition to Gi, linking receptor function to Rho/Rac signaling and modulation of the cytoskeleton. In primary human macrophages, GPR84 activation leads to Gβγ signaling, Er
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